ŠVEDSKA OSNOVNA ŠKOLA MOŽE BITI BOLJA
U septembru je bilo 20 godina kako sam sa porodicom stigao u Švedsku, u septembru je bilo i tačno 50 godina kako sam ušao u školu i danas sam u njoj. Imao sam privilegiju da me uče, ali i ja učim druge. Privilegija je i to da sam radio u osnovnoj školi, gimnaziji, na fakultetu, ali i imao moje škole skijanja, plesa, slikanja. Napisao 24 knjige, ali neću o tome, usuđujem se reći šta nedostaje švedskom obrazovnom sistemu, prije svega osnovnom.
Ako je cilj osnovnog obrazovanja: podizanje socijalne kompetentosti, samopouzdanja i znanja kod učenika, onda za postizanje tog cilja u švedskim školama su nužne promjene. Ovdje ću ideju vezati i za ideju teatra. Upravo na toj ideji (grčkog teatra) Evropljani su podigli živući sistem demkratije.
1. Osnova komunikacije učitelja i učenika jeste govor, usmeno izlaganje, usmeno odgovaranje. Njim učenik u dužem vremenu stiče samopouzdanje, socijalnu kompetentnost, motiv da uči, zna. Usmeni odgovor u švedskom osnovnom obrazovanju ne postoji.
2. Način ocjenjivanja znanja učenika je javan. Njim učenik gradi svoje mjesto u razredu, školi, društvu u cjelini. Ocjenjivanje znanja učenika u švedskoj školi je tajno.
3. Škola jeste staza kojom učenici trče svoje vrijeme obrazovanja, ona mora imati kontrolne tačke, prepreke koje svi učenici treba da preskoče da bi trčali dalje. Prvi razred, drugi razred... deveti razred. U švedskoj osnovnoj školi takvih prepreka nema (isključi li se nacionalprov). Učenik može završiti osnovnu školu bez da zna tablicu množenja, bez da zna pisati i čitati, bez da je pročitao jednu jedinu knjigu....
Šta za ostvarenje obrazovnih ciljeva znači: usmeni odgovor, javno ocjenjivanje i nužni prag koji se mora preći da bi se ušlo u viši stepen obrazovanja (razred)?
Teško je zamisliti školu bez imeničnog preozivanja učenika i njegovog izvođenja na tablu da usmeno odgovara. Sa druge strane ta situacija kada učenik čuje svoje ime, ustaje i kreće prema tabli je poput teatra i dasaka sa kojih treba da govori. Psihički i socijalno ima istu dimenziju, jačanja samopouzdanja, kuraži, motiva da lijepo izgleda, da zna odgovoriti na postavljna pitanja. To svakako ne isključuje i kombinovane motode provjere znanja, poput grupnog rada, pismenog ispita, kontrolnog testa isl.
Teško je zamisliti i školu u kojoj je vrijednovanje znanja tajna koja ostaje između nastavnika i učenika. Zamislite devet godina idete u isti razred sa nekim ni on ni vi ne znate koje ocijene iz kojih predmeta imate. Gdje je motiv da se ima veća ocjena, da se bude bolji od nekoga? To je dio prirode odgojno vaspitnog procesa u kom se traže dobri uzori.
I evo nas kod nemanja obaveznih novoa koje učenik treba savladati da bi išao dalje. Ta činjenica je potpuno destimulativna. Zašto bi se neki učenik uopšte borio da bude dobar, da bude bolji, kad ga i onako od prvog do devetog razreda škole prate svi učenici koji su se sa njim upisali u tu školu u taj razred? Taj motiv ne postoji. Učenici koji ne uče oni su agresivniji, neposlušniji i traže svoje načine dokazivanja u školi koji nisu ni poželji ni dio nastavnog procesa ali se dešavaju u školi.
Umjesto zaključka:
Sistem školstva koji isključuje usmeni ispit kao način učenja i savlađivanja gradiva, koji isključuje javnost u ocjenjivanju i nužan nivo koji treba zadovoljit da bi učenih išao u sljedeći razred, neminovno vodi do slabljenaj motiva da se uopšte do znanja dođe; onemogućava učenike sa većim ambicijama da ih i ostvare, sputava socijanu kopetentnost i potvrdu pred grupom (razred i škola), podstiče nesigurnost i na kraju onemogućava sticanje znanja kao jednog od ciljeva obrazovanja.
U vremenu kad je tehnologija i onako dovela u pitanje odgojno obrazovni proces i poljuljala ulogu škole i nastvnika (5-8 sarti dnevno su učenici osnovne škole direktno pod uticajem interneta, I-fona, TV-a), postavlja se pitanje kuda usmejriti obrazovni proces da bi se ostvarili njegovi obrazovni ciljevi sa početka teksta.
Moje iskustvo govori da je grčki teatar vrlo inspirativan, ali i vannastavni sadržaji koji snagom slobodnog vremena i lične želje, pomažu u izgradnji socialno kompetentne ličnosti, sa velikim samopouzdanjem, snagom i na kraju znanjem. Škola i jeste veliki teatar u kom učenici igraju svoje životne uloge a mi im pomažemo.
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